Waxa aad qoraalkan gudihiisu ugu tegaysaa
qodobbadan: Isgaadhsiintii ugu horraysay carriga Soomaalida, Warlaliyihii BBCda, Maqaamkii Sh. Jebarti, iyo Noobiyaddii Labaad ee Berbera.
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Raasigu waa dhulyare dhererkiisu yahay
3.2 kiilomitar, oo badda Berbera hore u sii gashan, waxana uu ku caan yahay in
uu yahay dugsi iyo gabbaad maraakiibta iyo doonyaha ka caabbiya kacdoonka
badda. Ahaanshiiyaha ay magaalada Berbera ahayd, xilliyo aad u durugsan,
marsada ugu magaca weyn xeebta dheer ee carriga Soomaaliyeed waxa door muhiim
ah ka ciyaaray Raasigeeda dabiiciga ah, mana jiro ku kale oo la mid ah oo ku
yaal xeebaha Carriga Soomaaliyeed. Haddii aanu Raasigaasi jiri lahayn, Berberana
ma jirteen. Raasigani waxa uu
ka dhigay Berbera goobta ugu habboon ee doonyihii iyo
maraakiibtii hore ku soo xidhan jireen ama barroosinka dhigan
karaan. Ahmiyadda uu Raasigaasi Berbera u lahaa waxa ay ku xusan tahay
qoraal soo baxay ammin hadda laga joogo 2,000 gu’ oo magaciisa la
yidhaahdo The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea,[1] waana kan inta Berbera iyo
Raasigeeda laga xusay:
[...Marka la dhaafo Saylac, waxa la
gaadhayaa magaalo-sayladeed kale, taas oo ka roon tii hore, waxana ay u jirtaa
800 oo stadia. Meesha barroosinka la dhigtaana waa qoorri furan oo raasi
dhinaca bari kaga yaallaa oo maayadda xooggeeda ka ilaaliyo (kana dhigo dugsi).
Halkan dadka deggani waxoogaa ayay ka doobir iyo nabadjaceyl badan yihiin
(kuwii hore). Waxa halkan loo soo dhoofshaa waxyaalaha aynnu hore u soo
sheegnay, iyo maryo gacmo gaab ah oo jilbaha jooga, koodhadh la midabeeyay oo
laga keenay Arsinoe, koobab wax lagu cabbo, waxoogaa naxaas ah, bir, dhururi
dahab iyo lacag (silver) ah, aan se badnayn. Waxyaalaha laga dhoofiyo meelahan
waa malmal, beeyo (loo yaqaan “Far-side”), qorfe adag, duaca, Indian copal iyo macir,
laga keenay Berri-Carab; iyo addoon – in kasta oo ay yar yihiin ama aaney
joogto ahayn..]
(Cutubka 9aad ee the
Peripuls of the Erythrean Sea).
Muuqaalxarriiq
(sketch) ku soo baxay Buuggii Richard Burton, The First Footsteps in East
Africa (1856) oo muujinaya Raasigii, Qudbigii Sheekh Jeberti, Xabaalihii
Saadada (Bender Cabbaas), Qudbigii Sheekh Isaxaaq iyo magaaladii, magaaladii
Berbera, iyo ardaagii Ingiriiska.
Dhismeyaasha
taariikhiga ah ee ku yaal Raasiga Berbera waxa ka mid ah:
Berberi sooyaalka war-is-gaadhsiineed
ee carriga Soomaalida meel hore ayaa ay kaga jirtaa. Waxa jiray keebal
teligaraaf (telegraph) oo Badda Cas la soo dhigay, soona gaadhay Berbera
1890kii, lana dhigay Raasiga Berbera. Khadkaasi waxa uu dalka Ingiriiska
ku xidhayay Cadan, Berbera, Hindiya iyo Ustaraaliya. Mar kale, 1912 ayaa
isla Raasiga Berbera lagu rakibay qalabkii Dhiidhaada la odhan jiray (Morse
Code) ee xogaha lagu gudbin jiray, markii dambena lagu fidiyay Hargeysa,
Saylac iyo Burco.
Dhisme qalabaysnaa oo ay BBC-du lahaan
jirtay oo barnaamajyadeeda u sii lalin jiray Afrikada Bari iyo
Koonfurteed (BBC East Africa Relay Station) ayaa isna goobtaas
ka jiray. Dhismaheeda waxa la bilaabay 1959kii, waxana la howl
geliyay 1960kii. Ha yeeshee, ismaandhaaf siyaasadeed oo dhex marey
Dawladdii Soomaaliya iyo Ingiriiska oo la xidhiidha
gobolladii kale ee carriga Soomaaliyeed ee aan xilligaas ka
madaxbannaanin gumaysteyaashii kale ayaa dhaliyay in xidhiidhkii labada dal
xumaado, ugu dambaynna bishii Abril 1963kii ay xidhanto xaruntii
warlaliska ee BBCda ee ku taallay Berbera. Haatan, dhismihii oo
qalfoof ah ayaa weli taagan.
Isla meel u dhexaysa madaxa
Raasiga iyo magaalada, waxa la sheegaa in uu ku yaal Qudbigii Sheekh Jabarti.
Lama se hubo in ay meeshaasi tahay xabaashiisii dhabta ahayd iyo in ay ahayd
maqaam Sheekhaas lagu xusi jiray. Qoraal yar oo ku saaban
qudbigaas oo uu qoray in Ingiriis ah oo la odhon jiray John Studdy Leigh
oo Berbera bookhasho ku yimid 1838kii (ammin hadda laga joogo 179
gu’). Sidan ayuu faahfaahin uga bixiyay “qabrigaas”:
“Meel fogaan ahaan kala badha caarada
raasiga Berbera iyo magaalada waxa ka jira qabrigii Sheekh
Jabarti. Waa dhisme afargeesood ah oo marka meel fog laga daymoodo
qudbigu sida minaaradda u eg yaha. Markii aannu gaadhnay, nimankii
ila socday waxa ay igu dirqiyeen in aanan kabo la’aan ku
gelin dhismaha qudbiga. Badhtamaha waxa ahaa dhismihii ‘xabaasha’ oo ka
samaysan dhagaxshacaabi iyo sibidh, laguna dahaadhay laba maro oo leh midab
dhalaalaya. Qurbaan ay dad hore u soo booqday dhigeen ayaa meesha
yaallay, sidoo kale, ugxaan gorayo, oo ka mid ahaa waxyaabaha lagu
qurxiyo baraha cibaadada ayaa yaallay. Gees walba oo dhismaha
xabaasha (kor dhulka uga kacsan) waxa ka muuqday god yar oo dabqaadyada la
dhigo, laguna carfiyo xabaasha. Fooxii dabqaayada ka baxayay ayaa
labadii nin ee ila socday kor u qaadeen kuna afuufeen gudihii dhismaha iyaga oo
debnaha ka soo saaraya dhawaaq ay “Sheekha” ugu
ducaynayaan. Gidaarka iyo qayb ka mid ah derbiyayda ayaa isku dhacsanaa, sida
aan u fahmayna, ay ka dambeeyeen Wahaabiyiinti.”
“Half way between the town and the point is the
tomb of Sheikh Djibbarteyn, a square building with the appearance of a tower at
a distance. The persons who accompanied me would not suffer me to enter without
taking off my shoes. In the centre was a long tomb of stones and mortar,
covered with two cloths of brilliant hues, the offering of some pious
Mussulmen, as well as a few ostrich eggs, the usual ornaments of a mosque. At
each end of the tomb was a recess where two earthen vessels of perfumes were
placed. My companions took them both out and blowing into each pronounced an
ejaculation to the Sheikh. The roof and part of the walls of the building were
fallen in, destroyed, as I understood, by the Wahibis.”[2]
Mar aan anigu booqday dhismahaas
2015kii, waxa jiray jid yar oo aan dhererkiisa ku hilaadiyay 200 mitir – kaas
oo dhulka Raasiga wax yar kor uga kacsan oo laga sameeyay dhagac shacaabi aan
la talbiisin. Waxana loogu talo galay in qofka booqanayaa in aanu biyaha badda
cagaha la gaadhin xilliga ay baddu soo buuxsanto. Dhismaha
xaaladdiisu ma xumayn marka la barbar dhigo sida uu ninkaas Ingiriis uga
warramay 167 gu’ ka hor, waxana ay u ekayd in dayactir laga samayn jiray. Meesha
gebi ahaanteed waxa ku gedaannayd saansaan degganaansho, oo mararka qaarkood
naftaada ku xambaarayey in aad xusuus hummaag ah aad maankaaga dib ugu
giraagiriso. La yaabna ma ay lahayn, Berbera oo la odhon jiray
‘Miskiinkoris’ ama ‘Hooyadii Masaakiinta’ in dadkeeda qaar ay u hurdo tegi
jireen xeebtaas ka ag dhow Qudbigaas. Ciidda ayaa ay kala xaadhi jireen, ka
dibna lac odhon jireen iyaga oo cirka huwan dhulkana goglan.
Arrinka saddexaad ee sooyaalka Raasiga
Berbera aynnu ku soo qaadanaynaa waa noobiyad uu Ruushku ka dhisay caarada
Raasiga Berbera (Tamara Point) bilowgii 1970aadkii. Marka la
barbar dhigo middii hore ee ay Masaaridi dhistay (1877), kan dambe ee Raasiga
ku oollaan jiray waxa laga suubbiyey biro la isku xidhxidhay. Se dib
ayaa loo dayactiray, ahmiyaddeeduna waxa ay tahay in ay maraakiibta ku soo
hagto marsada Berbera.
Kalaqaydashada aan loo miidaan deyayn
ee dhulka magaalada Berbera waxa ay keeni doontaa in raadad taariikheed oo
kuwan iyo qaar kaleba ka mid yihiin la waayi doono – arrinkaas oo
qaayodhac ku keeni kara sooyaalka hodanka ah ee magaalda iyo weliba fursado
dhaqaale iyo qaar dalxiisba. In Raasiga la magaaleeyaa, waxa ay soo af
jaraysaa fursad ay dekaddu ku fidi lahayd, una noqon lahayd marso ku fillaan
karta baahiyaha dhoofineed iyo waxsoodejineed ee qarniyada soo socda.
Raadraac
1. The Forgotten BBC East Africa
Relay Station at Berbera. (article dated May 2011)
2. James Kirkman, John Studdy Leigh
in Somalia,
3. Walsh, L. P., Under the Flag and
Somali Coast Stories (1932)
4. Burton, Richard, First Footsteps
in East Africa (1856)
5. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
[1] The Periplus of the Erythraean
Sea: Waxa uu ahaa qoraal kooban oo uu
qoray nin Giriig ah oo naakhuude ahaa, oo aan magaciisa la haynin, ahaana
reer Alexanderia, xilligii Boqorkii Nero ka talinayay dhulka
Roomaanka. Qoraalkaasi waxa uu ahaa hage loogu talo galay maraakiibta
isaga dhex gooshi jirtay marsooyinka Badda Cas iyo Bariga Afrika, Gacanka
Berbera (Cadmeed), Gacanka Beershiya (Iiraan) iyo Hindiya, isla markaana ka war
bixinayay ganacsiga iyo dadyowgii ku noolaa dhulalkaas.
[2] John Studdy Leigh in SomaliaAuthor(s):
James Kirkman. Source: The International Journal of African Historical Studies,
Vol. 8, No. 3 (1975), pp. 441-456
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W/Q Axmed Ibraahin Cawaale
aiawaleh@gmail.com
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